Psychological perpsectives in Health and Social Care
P1. Explain the principal psychological perspectives. (Ivan Pavlov, B.F Skinner)
There are various different types of perspectives in psychology. These perspectives present the different ways human behaviour functions, in addition, I will list and explain the six perspectives of psychology.
Behaviorist perspective.
The behaviourist perspective is based on the idea that people and animals learn from their environment and as a result, from what we learn from our environment makes us who we are. Behaviorism is concerned with how environmental factors (the stimuli) affects observable behaviour (the response). In addition, there are two processes in which people learn from their environment; classical conditioning and operant conditioning.
Classical conditioning was studied by a Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov, with his experiment he managed to condition dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell through repeated associated with the sound of a bell and food. In other words, this means that humans and animals learn from their environment such as where you live or what individuals are around you.
Operant conditioning was studied by B.F Skinner, his idea was that behaviour is explained by the person's motive, this means that behaviour always occurs for a reason. Operant conditioning means that we learn from a choice or a consequence. Moreover, there are three main techniques which build our behaviour; positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment.
Behaviourism is based on controlled experiments but rejects the idea that people have free will, therefore our behaviour is always based on our environment.
Social learning theory (Albert Bandura)
David L (2015) Social learning theory, learningtheories.com states; "Bandura's social learning theory posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation and modelling" this means that we learn through each other and our role models. Role models are people that we look up to, therefore, their positive and negative actions may have an influence on you, in addition, those that we aspire to we may imitate in some way in order to be as successful as them.
Bandura claims that social learning is a form of observational learning. In order for this to occur successfully, there should be Availability ( the person is at present in some way, for example, on the social media), attention ( behaviour attentiveness is required) and lastly, retention ( behaviour must be retained.
The social learning theory implies that life is a big movie and depending on your situation, your behaviour will be based on so. In other words, the social learning theory is a form of observational learning in which we are all able to learn from each other.
Bandura's boba doll experiment (1961)
This purpose of this experiment was to show the connection between the human behaviour and the environment, in other words, to show how the things in our environment can influence human behaviour. Albert Bandura wanted to prove that aggression is learnt by what is projected in our environment e.g being exposed to violence, violent media, images or video games.
In the 'boba doll' experiment children aged 8-12 years were exposed to a violent media about a doll, after the film they were placed into a room with a human-sized doll, after a couple minutes children were physically harming the doll by punching it, flicking it in the air and kicking it. This experiement suggests that exposure to violence can make us violent, in addition, children learnt exposive language from the violent material amd agression has beginned to increase once the children found new ways to 'hurt' the doll.
Psychodynamic theory (Sigmund Freud, Eric Erikson)
Saul McLeod (2017) Psychodynamic approach, simplypsychology.com states that; "The psychodynamic theory includes all the theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particularly unconscious and between different structures of the personality". This means that we are aware of some aspects of ourselves I.E those things that happen in our conscious mind, in other words, when we are awake.
However, Sigmund Freud believed that a lot of our memories, feelings and emotions are locked up in our unconscious mind. Our unconscious mind can wake up when we are asleep, drunk or on drugs. Sigmund Freud stated that our mind is like the tip of an iceberg and the most important part, is the one you cannot see.
Our mind, which is also known as the 'psyche' exists on three main levels; Id, Ego and the superego. The Id is unconscious and exists at birth when we focus on getting what we want, for example, when a baby cries it is because they either want to sleep or eat. This is the way which a baby is trying to get what they want, in addition, the Id is a raw instinct which wants when it wants.
The superego refers to our moral values that are formed of socialization and maturity, the superego tries to restrain the activities of the Id. For example, during an argument with your close ones, there are things you would like to say that is on your mind due to anger and frustration although the things that you say may be horrible and possibly emotionally hurt someone, your superego will try to restrain the Id which is the part of you which wants to say the things that are on your mind even though it may hurt someone.
The ego is an area of unconsciousness that tries to balance the activities of the Id, this is quite similar to the superego as it links to our moral values and maturity. However, the superego is more extreme compared to the ego as it is the part of you which wants to respect the society and be a good person as much as possible.
Freud's stages of development,
Freud claims that our development can be influenced by our infant experience, therefore, what we go through during our childhood will affect us in our adulthood. For example, if a child is neglected by their parent, they are likely to develop depression later in their adulthood. In addition, Freud claims that if our needs are met, we can progress normally, in other words, if our needs are not met we are likely to develop disorders later in life, this also affects your personality and the way you are as you grow up.
Stage 1- trust vs mistrust
In this stage, the child is fully dependent on their parent in order to meet their needs such as feeding, once their needs are met they develop trust in their parents. In addition, self-confidence will start to develop, however, if the opposite occurs and the needs of the child are not met, they are more likely to develop mistrust in later life which often leads to basic fear and suspicion that lead to mental health disorders such as depression, paranoia and anxiety.
Stage 2 - Autonomy and shame (0.-1yrs)
In this stage, children do small things for themselves such as playing with toys. Children begin to develop a sense of being separated from their parents, this can happen when they start attending a nursery. Moreover, children are learning small independence from their parents, however, parents who are too controlling develops a sense of shame and doubt in themselves if they are controlled too much, this leads to confusion and doubt in their own abilities.
Stage 3 - Initiative and guilt (3-6yrs)
P.I.E.S are stages of development which come at place when a child is encouraged to try new things and explore new ideas. There are four stages of development; physical, intellectual, emotional and social. These stages can develop to a good level if the child is encouraged with their freedom, if so, these stages of development will increase as they get older which helps them to progress normally.
Moreover, guilt develops when a child is prevented from trying new things, constant preventing from the parent could make the child more cautious.
Stage 4 - Infentionary vs industry (6-12 yrs)
At this stage, the child is more creative and confident to try new things, the parents play a main role in the child's life and as trust is developed between the parents and the child, the child is far more confident.
Stage 5- Identity vs confusion (12-18yrs)
At this stage. the child is growing into a teenager, this stage involves searching for their identity and leads to mixed emotions, their self-concept may be affected by their changes; physical and emotional. The young adult is aware of their emotions and what is happening around them, they have developed their own voice and speak for themselves. This means the young adult is becoming more dependent. At this stage, a positive self-concept is extremely important at this stage as it allows the young adult to be confident with who they are. During young adulthood, most young people fail to develop a positive self-concept, this leads to depression and anxiety in later adulthood.
Freuds stages of psychosexual development.
Humanist perspective.
The humanist perspective helps us to understand human experience from individuals own point of view, this theory places emphasis on 'free will'. Abraham Maslow believes that every person is trying to be the best they can be; physically, emotionally, and intellectually.
Saul McLeod (2015) humanism, simplypsychology.com states; "both Rogers and Maslow regarded personal growth and fulfilment in life as a basic human motive" this statement claims that humanism is about satisfaction with yourself and your inner peace in order to be the best that you can be.
Maslow's pyramid of needs represents our needs in life. There are five structures; self-actualization, esteem. love belonging, safety and physiological needs.
Self-actualization is based of our physical needs such as eating, studying or going out.
Esteem is about our self-esteem, this means our inner peace and our self-confidence. Self-confidence is an important part of life as it helps you to get through life and as a person, make good choices.
Love belonging is about intimacy, family and our own safety; we need to have people in our lives that can help us get through difficulties.
In addition, people try to develop from one way or the next in order for them to be at peace with themselves. Saul McLeod (2015) simply psychology states;"humanism is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person. Humanistic psychologist looks at human behaviour not only through the eyes of the observer but through the eyes of the person doing the behaving", this statement claims that the humanistic approach is mainly about learning about individuals and individuals learning from themselves.
Cognitive perspective
Saul McLeod (2015) cognitive psychology, simply psychology states; "cognitive psychology is the scientific study of the mind as an information processor" this statement claims that cognitive psychology is about the study of the mind and how it processes information. The cognitive psychologist believes that the world is made up of the good scientist and bad scientist, if you are a good scientist, you have an idea of the way things are and you are able to feel at peace within yourself. In addition, a bad scientist does not adjust their construct to fit with reality, they are inflexible people. Some bad scientist may get aggressive or anxious when something does not fit their construct.
Information processing.
Saul McLeod (2015) cognitive psychology, simply psychology states; "the cognitive approach began to revolutionize in the late 1950s and early 1960s"; this is the processes of how we learn to collect and process information in stages.
Sensory-motor (begins at birth)
The scheme is based largely on behaviours and perceptions. Children cannot think largely, therefore, children tend to focus more on what is in front of them.
Pre-operational (begins at age 3)
Children do not reason in a logical and adult-like way, in this stage children are able to talk about things as their rapid development gives them to the ability to so.
Concrete operational (age 7)
Children develop adult logic thinking but with a limited reasoning.
Formal operations ( age 11-12)
Logical reasoning processes are applied to abstract ideas as well as concrete objects and situations. Many capabilities are essential for advanced reasoning in science and mathematics appear.
The epistemology of Jean Piaget
The main idea is that objects have no meaning unless you do something with them, that means our actions are carried out by objects and not necessarily by objects controlling us. In addition, Jean Piaget believed that our own knowledge is not ready-made but developed in stages, we learn different ways which help to build our knowledge. This is called the constructionist.
Empiricist believes that knowledge is a copy of objects, they believe that our knowledge is already built within us and objects play a key role in our knowledge which is by copying.
Theory of personal construct
The idea of this theory is that the world is based of good scientist and bad scientist, in addition, we all have an idea to how things are and how they should be, moreover, this helps to calm our inner peace by knowing the situation makes us calmer and as a result, lowers our anxiety levels. Successful people are the good scientist because they have a high construct. The poor scientist does not adjust their construct to fit with reality, they are inflexible people and when something does not fit their construct, they tend to get angry, anxious or aggressive.
Overall, the cognitive perspective is about how our mind processes information and how our knowledge is developed at stages. In addition, our knowledge brings us the key to knowing if we are the good scientist or the bad scientist.
Biological perspective ( Arnold Gessel) 1880-1961
The biological perspective argues that individuals development is influenced mainly by genetics rather than environmental factors.
Theory of maturation
Tom Farr (2014) udemy.com states; " Gessels theory was shaped by the assumptions that development is based on Biology, children alternate between good and bad years in development, and that body types share connection with personality and development" in addition " the maturational theory focuses on physical and mental development and Gessel saw these developmental patterns are followed by child's heredity" this is also known as the genes. This statement shows that Gessel's idea was that our development is based on our genes and in the womb, we develop according to fixed stages.
1. The heart
2. The nervous system
3. Bones and muscles
4. Over time we develop into a fully functioning human ready to be born
5. From birth onward, our genes are responsible for our development.
As we develop, sometimes we are likely to develop diseases which are responsible for our genes, for example, women in some families have a history of cervical cancer, therefore women that are born into that family are likely to develop this disease as it is in their genes. However, if the women were vaccinated against this disease at the right time they are less likely to develop this disease. Gessel claims that genes can be responsible for some diseases, these diseases can also be Huntington disease, cystic fibrosis and many more.
Overall, Arnold Gessel argued that individuals development is influenced by their genes rather than environmental factors such as where you live.
M1. Assess different psychological approaches to a phobia
In this assignment, I will assess two different psychological approaches to the study of phobias.
The cognitive perspective by George Kelly and Jean Piaget refers to the operation of our minds and how we gain a better understanding of our mind and how it works. As we grow older, our reasoning appears much more logical than when we are younger, logical reasoning is applied to abstract ideas and objects. Jean Piaget was a constructive psychologist who believed that objects have no meaning unless you do something to them, in addition, our knowledge is not ready-made but created as we develop. However, the empiricist psychologists believe that our knowledge is a copy of objects and not necessarily developed in stages.
The social learning theory claims that people learn through one another, Albert Bandura claimed that we learn through imitation and modelling others, moreover those that we aspire to such as parents or carers we may imitate in some way. We learn from a wide range of factors in society such as family and friends, films, video games and celebrities that we constantly learn from the people around us including materials such as smartphones and this can shape our behaviour in a positive or a negative way.
The similarity between the two following perspectives is that they both claim that behaviour is carried out by the imitation of objects and the people around us. The empiricist psychologist believes that knowledge is a copy of objects, this could also be by what is around us such as the people in our lives. The social learning theory states that people learn from each other by imitating those that we aspire to, this is the main similarity between the social learning theory and the cognitive theory.
One of the main differences between the social learning theory and the cognitive theory is that cognitive psychologist believe our knowledge is developed at stages, therefore, the objects around us have no meaning unless we do something with them. The cognitive perspective focuses on imitation of others, for example, someone who is a successful doctor could be imitated by their friends or family in order to be just as successful because others look up to them, therefore, those that try to imitate this person are likely to be working hard at school/college and studying frequently whereas the cognitive perspective states that we develop our knowledge in stages, those that do so may not try to necessarily imitate anyone but instead, work forward towards their goal in order to gain the experience and knowledge to be successful.
Moreover, the social learning theory explains how individuals progress by learning from the things and people in their environment, however, relating to phobias, it does not explain how individual develop common phobias. Anon (2016) NHS.com states; "Phobia is a type of anxiety disorder. You may not experience any symptoms until you come into contact with the source of the phobia" this means that until you come into contact with the object you fear, you will have no symptoms. There are many types of phobia, for example, fear of spiders, needles, hospitals and animals.
Bandura claimed that as we develop we adapt to the behaviour of others, in my opinion, this includes imitating fear of certain things to the point that we develop an actual fear of certain objects. For example, a child picks up a spider, the mother of this child begins to fear the spider and suddenly tells off the child to throw the spider away, in this case, by showing fear to the object which is the spider the child learns to believe that the spider is either dangerous or scary and they should never touch it. This is when a child may develop a fear of spiders or develop a phobia towards it.
On the other hand, I believe that certain phobias are impossible to imitate from others and they are impossible to learn, phobias are sometimes caused by a traumatic experience and they are not always imitated by those around us as Bandura claims as phobias of certain things may sometimes bring us symptoms such as panic attacks or being sick. In addition, these symptoms are not possible to imitate by others because they are caused by genuine fear.
Social cognitive theory
Lisa Fritsher (2017) verywell.com states; " The social cognitive theory is a subset of cognitive theory and therapist use it to treat phobias and other psychological disorders" in other words, it is a treatment based on social learning theory and the cognitive theory which is used to treat phobias.
Lisa Frithcer (2017) verywell.com states; " the assumption of the cognitive theory is that thoughts are the primary determinants of emotions and behaviour" this relates to the fact that our knowledge is purely based on our own thoughts, these thoughts determine our emotions and behaviour. Cognitive restructuring is based on the cognitive theory, it is a treatment for anxiety disorders including phobias. The process of cognitive restructuring involves the therapist asking questions about your fears and breaking the answers into a summary of what you have addressed, it is the therapist job to empathise with the client and listen to what their client has to say. Lastly, the therapist will ask you questions to look back at your phobia or anxiety disorder in a realistic view to allow the client to restructure their views of the main problem.
The social cognitive theory comes with few criticisms, one of it the main criticisms is that it focuses too much on overcoming the situation when it comes to treating phobias or anxiety disorders rather than focusing on the fear that is caused to the client including their emotions. It places too much emphasis on trying to overcome the situation rather than investigating where their phobia or anxiety disorder has started and why.
In addition, it ignores biological influences and effects that the client may be going through when they come to contact with their phobia, such as panic attacks.
Overall, as I have assessed the two different psychological approaches I came to a conclusion that when they both come together as the social cognitive perspective they are both effective in treating phobias and anxiety disorders. However, relating the social learning theory by itself to phobias I do not agree that the imitation of others may cause an individual to develop a phobia, it does not provide a logical explanation to the reason how someone develops a phobia by imitating the person they look up to such as their parent. In conclusion, the social cognitive perspective is effective when it comes to treating phobias as it involves the client communicating about their fear to the therapist and reviewing their explanation in a logical way which can help the client to gradually break up their fear.
P2& P3 Explain different psychological approaches to a health and social care practice.
In this assignment, I will explain the different psychological approaches to a health and social care practice.
Health practice
Health care practices are practices associating to health care such as the GP, nurses, doctors and many more. Health care practices have the responsibility to improve health conditions for their patients. One of the main psychological perspectives which relate to the health practice is the Psychodynamic theory by Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. Sigmund Freud believed that our feelings and emotions are locked up in our unconscious mind and awake only via dreams when we are drunk or on drugs. Our mind exists on three main levels; the id, ego and the superego. The superego is made up of our morals and values, on the other hand, the ego is the same however more extreme to the point where we as individuals want to respect and value society. The ego is in charge of restraining the id, which is the part of us that is all about getting what we want or the things we want to say during an argument but will not say anything because the id is restrained by the ego in order for us to be respectful.
In the healthcare practice, nurses and doctors are required to work long hours and as a result, they might not always get the amount of sleep they need in order to be healthy. Moreover, when healthcare professionals are working late and long hours, the id which is also known as the unconscious mind wakes up because our mind is telling us that its time to go to sleep. In addition, when professionals are working late to the point they come home in the morning, the id is telling them that it is the time to start their day.
The behaviourist perspective is about how people learn from their environment, the operant conditioning was studied by B.F Skinner and it means that the personal behaviour is based on their motive, in other words, B.F Skinner explained that certain behaviour occurs for a reason. Classical conditioning was studied by Ivan Pavlov, the classical conditioning associates with how the environmental factors ( the stimuli) affects observable behaviour ( the response). There are three main techniques that supposedly build our behaviour; positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment.
Nurses that require doing a blood test sometimes come into contact with individuals that have a fear of needles, these people may be feeling sick or nervous because of their fear. The operant conditioning relates to this example as the individual's behaviour is caused for a reason and that is fear the of needles. In this case, nurses will try to use positive reinforcement by encouraging the individual and talking to them positively in order to make their patient feel calmer.
The biological perspective by Arnold Gessel argues that the individual's development is caused by their genetics, this means that if the patients have a family history of some type of disease, the individual is likely to develop this disease also as it is caused by their genes which also means that this is in their DNA. Arnold Gessel believed that everything begins in the womb, we develop according to fixed stages and as we develop and sometimes our genes are likely to cause us a disease such as cystic fibrosis. When an individual has been diagnosed with cancer, healthcare professionals are likely to look at the family's history to find out if this is caused by the patient's genetics. On the other hand, if the patient is aware that their family has a history of cervical cancer ( human papilloma) the patient is able to act upon this beforehand, for example, get an HPV vaccine. HPV vaccines are required at the age of 13-14 as this disease occurs in later years when the individual is sexually active.
Overall, diseases which are responsible for genetics are able to help healthcare professionals such as Doctors or GP's to act quicker upon the patient as they can provide tests for these diseases or seek the family's health history file.
Social care practice
Social care practices associate with the mental health of the individuals, there are many roles in the social care practice such as a social worker, care worker, therapist and Psychologist. These roles are responsible for improving the mental health conditions of their patients or their living conditions.
One of the psychological approaches which relate to the social care practice is the humanist perspective; the humanist perspective helps us understand the individual's experience, Maslow believed that every person is trying to be the best they can be, in other words, the humanist perspective is based on self-satisfaction. Maslow's pyramid of needs represents the needs of all human beings, the needs are; love, intimacy, belonging, self-esteem, physiological and safety. In addition, without all the following factors, we are likely to develop a mental health disorder. Psychologists and therapists may use the pyramid of needs to seek if their patients have ever lacked something such as love and belonging. In addition, if a patient has lacked love and belonging there is a high chance that the patient is lonely and depressed. Moreover, therapists and psychologist are able to seek whether a patient has lacked any of the following factors from the pyramid of needs and use it to help their patients to help them fulfil their lives.
The social learning theory by Albert Bandura claims that we imitate others through observational learning, role models are a key part of our lives as we try to imitate them in order to be just as successful. In order for observational learning to be successful, there should be some type of availability of the role model, attention and retention. Albert Bandura believed that life is a movie and depending on your situation your actions will be based on so. Role models are a key part of our lives, role models do not have to be celebrities but they can also be family members or friends. Individuals with lack of people in their lives such as family and friends are likely to be lonely and sometimes, they are unlikely to try to be the best they can be as they do not have many people in their lives to look up to. Social workers that work with young people and children try to look for families with homes for them gain love and belonging in their lives and to help them improve as people to want more and to be successful.
Freud's stages of development claims that our adulthood can be affected by our infant experience, in other words, a child that has been neglected or abused is likely to develop depression or anxiety in later life. Freud believed that if our needs are met, we can progress normally unlike those whose needs are lacked. There are several stages of development that we go through as a child into a young adult, at the last stage as a young adult, we either develop a positive self-concept of ourselves or a negative self-concept. Social care professionals such as therapist and psychologist can help treat mental health disorders when they investigate what their patient has experienced in their infant life as a child. Social care professionals are able to communicate with their patients and help them develop a positive self-concept and find out why they lack a positive self-concept by using Freud's stages of development.
In conclusion, these are the different psychological perspectives to health and social care practice, overall these perspectives can be used to treat patients wellbeing in the health practice and social care practice.
M2& D1. Compare two psychological approaches to Health and Social care provision
In this assignment, I will compare two psychological approaches to the Health and Social care provision by explaining their differences and similarities and lastly, I will be evaluating the two approaches to Health and Social care provision by explaining how effective they are. The psychological perspectives I will be comparing today are the psychodynamic theory and the behaviourist theory.
The behaviourist perspective allows health and social care professionals to use the positive reinforcement to help their patients and help them to want to improve their health. Behaviourist psychologist believes that our behaviour is always shaped based on the environment.
The Psychodynamic theory helps health and social care professionals to understand the three keys of the human mind, the ego, superego and the id. Health and Social care professionals are able to use the psychodynamic theory to treat patients with mental health disorders. In addition, the psychodynamic theory claims that our behaviour is based on our childhood experiences and what we go through in our infant stage is likely to affect us in our adulthood.
The behaviourist perspective and the psychodynamic perspective both claim that our behaviour is always based on our environment whether it is in the past or the present, in other words, both theories agree with the fact that our experiences shape our behaviour in later adulthood. One of the largest similarities between the two following perspectives is that both claim that our current behaviour is based on our past experience including some of the features in our environment.
One of the differences between the two following approaches is that the psychodynamic theory claims that our past experiences are hidden in our 'unconscious mind' whereas the behaviourist perspective is based on observational learning and we carry our past experiences through them. The behaviourist perspective is based on accuracy and uses more scientifical explanations than the psychodynamic theory which is based on hypothesis, therefore, psychodynamic assumptions are more bias than accurate, unlike the behaviourist approach.
In my opinion, Health and social care professionals would use the behaviourist approach rather than the psychodynamic approach as the behaviourist approach is based on accuracy, facts and controlled experiments, unlike the psychodynamic approach that is largely based on assumptions. Moreover, professionals might use one of the three factors when they come into contact with difficult patients, for example, a mental health nurse who is told to inject a medicine into her patient is likely to use positive reinforcement, he/she will communicate in a nice and calm tone of voice to help the patient to calm down and get rid of their negative behaviour of the patient. In this case, professionals would be using the behaviourist approach to health and social care as it is highly accurate when it comes to understanding the human mind and behaviour.
Smith Amie (2016) ocprpsychology.com states; " the behaviourist and the psychodynamic approach is different in the sense that it has a key focus on the idea that the majority of the behaviour is learned from the environment after birth through positive and negative reinforcement" in other words, it means that although both approaches focus on the environmental factors, the behaviourist perspective looks at how our behaviour is learned through the positive and the negative reinforcement.
Both approaches look at behaviour differently, they both provide a structure on how our behaviour occurs. However, the psychodynamic theory provides an explanation about how the experiences we go through are hidden in our unconscious mind and how experiences from our past can affect our behaviour in later adulthood.
In my opinion, I believe that the behaviourist approach provides an accurate structure when it comes to understanding the human mind and behaviour as it is mainly based on science and controlled experiments which provide accurate facts than the psychodynamic approach. The psychodynamic approach focuses on hypothesis and it does not provide scientific explanations but bias information. Therefore, health and social care professionals would rather use an approach which is based on science than something that is based on assumptions and does not have to be accurate.
However, the psychodynamic approach provides stages of development by Sigmund Freud and claims that if our needs are not met as a child, we are likely to develop mistrust amongst other individuals and fear which in later adult life results as mental health disorder such as depression or anxiety. In this case, we are provided with reasons why some individuals develop mental health disorders, in addition, although both approaches claim that environmental factors and past experiences shape our behaviour, only the psychodynamic approach is able to help professionals find out how and why a patient has developed mental health disorders. The psychodynamic theory allows professionals such as psychologist and therapist to investigate deeper into the unconscious mind because only our unconscious mind is aware of our past experiences, how they affected us and resulted in a mental health disorder.
In other words, the psychodynamic approach is able to help health and social care professionals to understand the human mind more, without many scientific explanations as it comes to treating mental health disorders, in my opinion, many mental health disorders are unexplainable when it comes to understanding them although there are medical ways in which you can treat them but there is not a scientific explanation to how someone can develop a mental health disorder such as depression.
To summarise, I believe that the psychodynamic approach is more effective in health and social care than the behaviourist approach as there are not many scientific explanations to the reasons why someone has developed a mental health disorder even though it can be medically treated. However, health and social care professionals would agree that the behaviourist approach is more accurate than the psychodynamic approach as it provides scientific explanations to the human mind and behaviour, therefore, it may be more effective than the psychodynamic approach. Overal, I have compared the two psychological perspectives to health and social care and evaluated both perspectives by coming to a conclusion that the behaviourist approach is better to use by professionals in health and social care provision.
Annette,
ReplyDeleteThis was a reasonable approach to the assignment. Your approach to the last section was particularly impressive as you looked more thoroughly at the perspectives that you were comparing.
You had a few errors in some areas (e.g. in P2 and P3), but overall this was a good approach to the assignment.
Grade= Distinction.
All the best,
Shanroy